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Inclusions in Diamond

As diamonds are formed deep within the earth, they are generally host to various foreign elements. Inclusions may be divided into two broad groups, SYNGENETIC meaning that the inclusion formed at the same time as the diamond and EPIGENETIC meaning that it formed afterwards.
The syngenetic inclusions can be further divided into two groups, PERIDOTITIC and ECLOGITIC which derive from two distinct original growth environments in the earth.

Peridotitic (Crystal Form) Eclogotic (Crystal form) Epigenetic Inclusions (powder form) Inclusions of uncertain origin
Olivine Omphacite Serpentine Amphibole
Enstatite Garnet Graphite Magneteite
Diopside Kyanite Hematite Feldspar
Garnet Ilmenite Goethite Mica
Spinel Chromite Kaolinite  
Ilmenite Sulphides    
sulphides Coesite    
Zircon Diamond    
Diamond Ruby    
  Rutile    


Inclusion Descriptions

Pinpoints

Pinpoints are tiny light or dark crystals that appear by themselves or in clusters. Larger clusters of minute pinpoints can create a hazy area, called a cloud, which can detract from a diamond's clarity.

Laser Lines

Laser lines are not a natural inclusion. These vapor-like trails are left behind when lasers are used to remove dark inclusions from the diamond. The machine-made trails look like tiny strands of thread that begin at the diamond's surface and stretch inward to the point where the inclusion was removed.

Feathers

Feathers are cracks within a stone that resemble feathers. Small feathers do not usually affect a diamond's durability unless they penetrate the surface on the top of the stone. A feather that breaks through the surface in a vulnerable area increases the risk of breaking the stone.

Girdle Fringes, Bearding

Girdle fringes, or bearding, are stress hair-like lines that can occur around the girdle during the cutting process. Minimal bearding is usually not a problem, but extensive fringing can often be polished away or removed by recutting the diamond.

Cleavage

A cleavage is a straight crack with no feathering. A cleavage has the potential to split the diamond apart if it is hit at the correct angle.

Graining Lines, Growth Lines

Graining lines are created by irregular crystallization that takes place when the diamond is formed. Colorless graining lines do not usually affect diamond clarity unless they are present in large masses. White or colored graining lines can lower a diamond's clarity grade.

Inclusions are like fingerprints, a characteristic that gives us all a special signature. Getting to know your diamond inside and out makes the stone a more personal possession.